D: The pituitary gland releases peptide hormones which are soluble in blood. The other choices refer to steroid hormones which are insoluble in blood. They require transport via plasma proteins.

7 / 16

7. Which endocrine organ produces “releasing hormones” and “inhibitory hormones”?

1. Thyroid

2. Anterior pituitary

3. Hypothalamus

4. Thalamus

C: The hypothalamus controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary by the use of “releasing hormones” and “inhibitory hormones”.

8 / 16

8. What is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas?

1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme

2. Glucocorticoids

3. Glucagon

4. Insulin

D: Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce insulin. The alpha cells produce glucagon.

9 / 16

9. Which of the following is an amino acid derivative hormone?

1. Epinephrine

2. Tyrosine

3. Testosterone

4. Prostaglandin

A: Epinephrine is derived from the amino acid tyrosine (so tyrosine is a wrong answer).

10 / 16

10. Which statement applies to steroid hormones?

1. They are transported dissolved in blood.

2. They bind to receptor proteins on the outside of the plasma membrane.

3. They cross the plasma membrane by using a protein carrier mechanism.

4. They bind to receptors in the cell cytoplasm or nucleus.

D: As steroid hormones are lipid soluble, their receptors are inside the cell as they can cross the plasma membrane.

11 / 16

11. Which hormone has the element iodine as part of its molecule?

1. Calcitonin

2. Haemoglobin

3. Thyroxine

4. Parathyroid hormone

C: Thyroxine or thyroid hormone contains iodine.

12 / 16

12. To which group of hormones does aldosterone belong?

1. Catecholamines

2. Glucocorticoids

3. Mineralocorticoids

4. Gonadocorticoids

C: As aldosterone is concerned with the absorption of sodium ions, a_x000d_“mineral”, and aldosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex; it is termed a mineralocorticoid.

13 / 16

13. Peptide hormones are produced (and/or released) by which structure?

1. The adrenal cortex

2. The gonads

3. The hypothalamus

4. The kidneys

C: The hypothalamus produces peptide hormones.

14 / 16

14. The hypothalamus produces “releasing hormones”. What do these releasing hormones do?

1. They direct the posterior pituitary to release hormones.

2. They direct the anterior pituitary to release hormones.

3. They direct the gonads to release hormones

4. They act as “second messengers” when hormones bind to their receptor site.

B: The anterior pituitary produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine organs, but the anterior pituitary does not release hormones until directed by the hypothalamus.

15 / 16

15. Which of the following is NOT part of the endocrine system?

1. The thymus

2. The pineal gland

3. The acini cells of the pancreas

4. The posterior pituitary gland

C: The acini cells produce digestive enzymes.

16 / 16

16. Which structure is composed of glandular epithelial tissue?

1. The thalamus

2. The anterior pituitary

3. The posterior pituitary

4. The hypothalamus

B: The anterior pituitary produces and releases six hormones.

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