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July 1, 2024

Health Assessment of Patients Quiz

Medical Nursing Quizzes

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Endocrine System

Endocrine System

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1. What hormone does the thyroid produce?

1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone

2. Calcitriol

3. Thyroxine

4. Parathyroid hormone

C: Thyroxine (or tetraiodothyronine) is converted to triiodothyronine in_x000D_target tissues.

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2. Which statement below is true of steroid hormones?

1. They do not have a specific receptor to bind with.

2. They are not lipid soluble to bind to receptor proteins on the cell membrane.

3. They are lipid soluble so diffuse through the cell membrane.

4. They cross the cell membrane via a carrier mechanism.

C: Steroids are lipid soluble so diffuse through the plasma membrane to bind to a receptor within the cell.

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3. What effect does aldosterone have?

1. It causes glucose to be absorbed from the blood.

2. It cause Na+ to be absorbed in the kidneys.

3. It causes Ca++ to be absorbed from the gut.

4. It causes K+ to be absorbed from the filtrate.

B: Aldosterone causes reclamation of sodium ions from the filtrate and potassium to be secreted in exchange.

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4. What is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas?

1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme

2. Glucocorticoids

3. Glucagon

4. Insulin

D: Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce insulin. The alpha cells produce glucagon.

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5. Which of the following is NOT part of the endocrine system?

1. The thymus

2. The pineal gland

3. The acini cells of the pancreas

4. The posterior pituitary gland

C: The acini cells produce digestive enzymes.

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6. By what term are hormones derived from tyrosine also known?

1. Amino acid derivatives

2. Peptide hormones

3. Steroid hormones

4. Corticosteroids

A: Catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline), dopamine and thyroid hormone are all derived from tyrosine.

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7. From where are antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin released?

1. The anterior pituitary

2. The posterior pituitary

3. The adrenal cortex

4. The adrenal medulla

B: ADH and OT are produced in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary.

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8. Iodine is an essential component of which hormone?

1. Thyroid hormones

2. Aldosterone

3. Thyroid-stimulating hormones

4. Parathyroid hormone

A: Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 contain three and four iodine atoms, respectively.

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9. Which hormone(s) increases the reabsorption of Ca++ from the filtrate in the kidney tubule?

1. Calcitonin

2. Mineralocorticoids

3. Parathyroid hormone

4. Aldosterone

C: PTH causes increased calcium absorption and hence increases blood calcium level.

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10. Which one of the statements below is true?

1. The anterior pituitary produces testosterone from cholesterol and releases it when releasing hormones arrive from the hypothalamus.

2. The hypothalamus produces ADH and oxytocin which are stored in the posterior pituitary.

3. The posterior pituitary contains autonomic centres that exert neural control over the adrenal glands.

4. The thalamus produces ADH and oxytocin which are stored in the anterior pituitary.

B: Testosterone is not produced in the pituitary nor does the pituitary contain autonomic centres.

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11. Which of the following hormones CANNOT be given orally?

1. Sex hormones

2. Amino acid-based hormones

3. Thyroid hormones

4. Steroids

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12. Which endocrine organ produces “releasing hormones” and “inhibitory hormones”?

1. Thyroid

2. Anterior pituitary

3. Hypothalamus

4. Thalamus

C: The hypothalamus controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary by the use of “releasing hormones” and “inhibitory hormones”.

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13. What is the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?

1. An endocrine gland secretes neurotransmitters (an exocrine gland does not).

2. An endocrine gland secretes via a tube to the destination (an exocrine gland does not).

3. An exocrine gland secretes into the blood (an endocrine gland does not).

4. An endocrine gland secretes into the blood (an exocrine gland does not).

D: Endocrine glands secrete “circulating” hormones, that is, they are secreted into the blood.

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14. What hormone is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?

1. Parathyroid hormone

2. Calcitonin

3. Thyroid hormone

4. Thyroxine

B: Parafollicular (or “C”) cells of the thyroid produce calcitonin which aids in lowering of blood calcium.

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15. What effect does parathyroid hormone have?

1. It increases plasma Ca2+ concentration.

2. It decreases plasma Ca2+ concentration.

3. It increases the rate of ATP formation.

4. It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine.

A: PTH increases plasma Ca2+ (calcitonin aids in lowering blood calcium).

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16. To which group of hormones does aldosterone belong?

1. Catecholamines

2. Glucocorticoids

3. Mineralocorticoids

4. Gonadocorticoids

C: As aldosterone is concerned with the absorption of sodium ions, a_x000d_“mineral”, and aldosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex; it is termed a mineralocorticoid.

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