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March 21, 2025

Endocrine System Quizzes

Anatomy & Physiology Quizzes

Test your knowledge with this Endocrine System Quiz. Challenge yourself with engaging questions about hormones, glands, and their functions in the human body. Ideal for students and health professionals. Take the quiz now and see how much you know.

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Endocrine System

Endocrine System

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1. What is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas?

1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme

2. Glucocorticoids

3. Glucagon

4. Insulin

D: Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce insulin. The alpha cells produce glucagon.

2 / 16

2. The hypothalamus produces “releasing hormones”. What do these releasing hormones do?

1. They direct the posterior pituitary to release hormones.

2. They direct the anterior pituitary to release hormones.

3. They direct the gonads to release hormones

4. They act as “second messengers” when hormones bind to their receptor site.

B: The anterior pituitary produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine organs, but the anterior pituitary does not release hormones until directed by the hypothalamus.

3 / 16

3. To which group of hormones does aldosterone belong?

1. Catecholamines

2. Glucocorticoids

3. Mineralocorticoids

4. Gonadocorticoids

C: As aldosterone is concerned with the absorption of sodium ions, a_x000d_“mineral”, and aldosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex; it is termed a mineralocorticoid.

4 / 16

4. By what term are hormones derived from tyrosine also known?

1. Amino acid derivatives

2. Peptide hormones

3. Steroid hormones

4. Corticosteroids

A: Catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline), dopamine and thyroid hormone are all derived from tyrosine.

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5. Which endocrine organ produces “releasing hormones” and “inhibitory hormones”?

1. Thyroid

2. Anterior pituitary

3. Hypothalamus

4. Thalamus

C: The hypothalamus controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary by the use of “releasing hormones” and “inhibitory hormones”.

6 / 16

6. Iodine is an essential component of which hormone?

1. Thyroid hormones

2. Aldosterone

3. Thyroid-stimulating hormones

4. Parathyroid hormone

A: Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 contain three and four iodine atoms, respectively.

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7. What effect does parathyroid hormone have?

1. It increases plasma Ca2+ concentration.

2. It decreases plasma Ca2+ concentration.

3. It increases the rate of ATP formation.

4. It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine.

A: PTH increases plasma Ca2+ (calcitonin aids in lowering blood calcium).

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8. What effect does aldosterone have?

1. It causes glucose to be absorbed from the blood.

2. It cause Na+ to be absorbed in the kidneys.

3. It causes Ca++ to be absorbed from the gut.

4. It causes K+ to be absorbed from the filtrate.

B: Aldosterone causes reclamation of sodium ions from the filtrate and potassium to be secreted in exchange.

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9. What effect does aldosterone have? It causes:

1. Angiotensin to be formed from angiotensinogen

2. Na+ to be secreted into the filtrate

3. Na+ and Ca++ to be absorbed from the filtrate and K+ to be secreted into the filtrate

4. Na+ to be absorbed from the filtrate and K+ to be secreted into the filtrate

D: Aldosterone promotes the absorption of sodium from the filtrate, while potassium (also a positively charged ion) is secreted to maintain electrical neutrality.

10 / 16

10. From where are antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin released?

1. The anterior pituitary

2. The posterior pituitary

3. The adrenal cortex

4. The adrenal medulla

B: ADH and OT are produced in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary.

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11. What hormone does the thyroid produce?

1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone

2. Calcitriol

3. Thyroxine

4. Parathyroid hormone

C: Thyroxine (or tetraiodothyronine) is converted to triiodothyronine in_x000D_target tissues.

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12. Which statement below is true of steroid hormones?

1. They do not have a specific receptor to bind with.

2. They are not lipid soluble to bind to receptor proteins on the cell membrane.

3. They are lipid soluble so diffuse through the cell membrane.

4. They cross the cell membrane via a carrier mechanism.

C: Steroids are lipid soluble so diffuse through the plasma membrane to bind to a receptor within the cell.

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13. Peptide hormones are produced (and/or released) by which structure?

1. The adrenal cortex

2. The gonads

3. The hypothalamus

4. The kidneys

C: The hypothalamus produces peptide hormones.

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14. What is the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?

1. An endocrine gland secretes neurotransmitters (an exocrine gland does not).

2. An endocrine gland secretes via a tube to the destination (an exocrine gland does not).

3. An exocrine gland secretes into the blood (an endocrine gland does not).

4. An endocrine gland secretes into the blood (an exocrine gland does not).

D: Endocrine glands secrete “circulating” hormones, that is, they are secreted into the blood.

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15. Which structure is composed of glandular epithelial tissue?

1. The thalamus

2. The anterior pituitary

3. The posterior pituitary

4. The hypothalamus

B: The anterior pituitary produces and releases six hormones.

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16. Which statement applies to steroid hormones?

1. They are transported dissolved in blood.

2. They bind to receptor proteins on the outside of the plasma membrane.

3. They cross the plasma membrane by using a protein carrier mechanism.

4. They bind to receptors in the cell cytoplasm or nucleus.

D: As steroid hormones are lipid soluble, their receptors are inside the cell as they can cross the plasma membrane.

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