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July 1, 2024

Health Assessment of Patients Quiz

Medical Nursing Quizzes

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3

Endocrine System

Endocrine System

1 / 16

1. Which hormone has the element iodine as part of its molecule?

1. Calcitonin

2. Haemoglobin

3. Thyroxine

4. Parathyroid hormone

C: Thyroxine or thyroid hormone contains iodine.

2 / 16

2. Which statement applies to steroid hormones?

1. They are transported dissolved in blood.

2. They bind to receptor proteins on the outside of the plasma membrane.

3. They cross the plasma membrane by using a protein carrier mechanism.

4. They bind to receptors in the cell cytoplasm or nucleus.

D: As steroid hormones are lipid soluble, their receptors are inside the cell as they can cross the plasma membrane.

3 / 16

3. Which of the following is an amino acid derivative hormone?

1. Epinephrine

2. Tyrosine

3. Testosterone

4. Prostaglandin

A: Epinephrine is derived from the amino acid tyrosine (so tyrosine is a wrong answer).

4 / 16

4. Which of the following is NOT part of the endocrine system?

1. The thymus

2. The pineal gland

3. The acini cells of the pancreas

4. The posterior pituitary gland

C: The acini cells produce digestive enzymes.

5 / 16

5. What effect does aldosterone have?

1. It causes glucose to be absorbed from the blood.

2. It cause Na+ to be absorbed in the kidneys.

3. It causes Ca++ to be absorbed from the gut.

4. It causes K+ to be absorbed from the filtrate.

B: Aldosterone causes reclamation of sodium ions from the filtrate and potassium to be secreted in exchange.

6 / 16

6. Which structure is composed of glandular epithelial tissue?

1. The thalamus

2. The anterior pituitary

3. The posterior pituitary

4. The hypothalamus

B: The anterior pituitary produces and releases six hormones.

7 / 16

7. Which hormone(s) increases the reabsorption of Ca++ from the filtrate in the kidney tubule?

1. Calcitonin

2. Mineralocorticoids

3. Parathyroid hormone

4. Aldosterone

C: PTH causes increased calcium absorption and hence increases blood calcium level.

8 / 16

8. Iodine is an essential component of which hormone?

1. Thyroid hormones

2. Aldosterone

3. Thyroid-stimulating hormones

4. Parathyroid hormone

A: Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 contain three and four iodine atoms, respectively.

9 / 16

9. What effect does parathyroid hormone have?

1. It increases plasma Ca2+ concentration.

2. It decreases plasma Ca2+ concentration.

3. It increases the rate of ATP formation.

4. It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine.

A: PTH increases plasma Ca2+ (calcitonin aids in lowering blood calcium).

10 / 16

10. From where are antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin released?

1. The anterior pituitary

2. The posterior pituitary

3. The adrenal cortex

4. The adrenal medulla

B: ADH and OT are produced in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary.

11 / 16

11. The hypothalamus produces “releasing hormones”. What do these releasing hormones do?

1. They direct the posterior pituitary to release hormones.

2. They direct the anterior pituitary to release hormones.

3. They direct the gonads to release hormones

4. They act as “second messengers” when hormones bind to their receptor site.

B: The anterior pituitary produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine organs, but the anterior pituitary does not release hormones until directed by the hypothalamus.

12 / 16

12. Which statement below is true of steroid hormones?

1. They do not have a specific receptor to bind with.

2. They are not lipid soluble to bind to receptor proteins on the cell membrane.

3. They are lipid soluble so diffuse through the cell membrane.

4. They cross the cell membrane via a carrier mechanism.

C: Steroids are lipid soluble so diffuse through the plasma membrane to bind to a receptor within the cell.

13 / 16

13. Which structure controls the endocrine system and integrates the activities of the nervous and endocrine systems?

1. The infundibulum

2. The pituitary gland

3. The thalamus

4. The hypothalamus

D: Hypothalamus secretes regulatory hormones that control endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary gland, produces ADH and oxytocin and contains “autonomic centres” that exert neural control over endocrine cells of the adrenal medullae.

14 / 16

14. Peptide hormones are produced (and/or released) by which structure?

1. The adrenal cortex

2. The gonads

3. The hypothalamus

4. The kidneys

C: The hypothalamus produces peptide hormones.

15 / 16

15. What effect does aldosterone have? It causes:

1. Angiotensin to be formed from angiotensinogen

2. Na+ to be secreted into the filtrate

3. Na+ and Ca++ to be absorbed from the filtrate and K+ to be secreted into the filtrate

4. Na+ to be absorbed from the filtrate and K+ to be secreted into the filtrate

D: Aldosterone promotes the absorption of sodium from the filtrate, while potassium (also a positively charged ion) is secreted to maintain electrical neutrality.

16 / 16

16. What hormone is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?

1. Parathyroid hormone

2. Calcitonin

3. Thyroid hormone

4. Thyroxine

B: Parafollicular (or “C”) cells of the thyroid produce calcitonin which aids in lowering of blood calcium.

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