C: People with AB+ blood do not have agglutinins (antibodies) against A, B or Rh D in their plasma. Hence they can receive any blood without causing the RBC in the donated blood to clump (agglutination).

8 / 19

8. What is found in blood serum that is also in blood plasma?

1. Blood cells

2. Platelets

3. Plasma proteins

4. Clotting factors

C: Plasma proteins (except fibrinogen) are in plasma and in serum. Serum = plasma minus the clotting factors. Blood cells and platelets are not in plasma.

9 / 19

9. What is the SECOND step in the three phases of haemostasis?

1. The vascular phase

2. The intrinsic pathway

3. The extrinsic pathway

4. The platelet phase

D: The three phases are vascular phase, platelet phase and coagulation phase (which, in turn, has three steps).

10 / 19

10. Which of the following arteries primarily feeds the anterior wall of the heart?

1. Circumflex artery

2. Internal mammary artery

3. Left anterior descending artery

4. Right coronary artery

11 / 19

11. What is the term “formed elements” used to mean in a description of blood?

1. White blood cells, red blood cells and platelets

2. Blood plasma

3. Blood serum

4. The clotting factors in blood

A: Formed elements are the nonliquid or solute parts of the blood.

12 / 19

12. Coronary arteries primarily receive blood flow during?

1. Diastole

2. Expiration

3. Inspiration

4. Systole

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13. Which of the following conditions is not required for blood to flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery?

1. Right ventricular pressure must be less than pulmonary arterial pressure

2. Right ventricular pressure must rise with systole

3. The atrioventricular valves must be closed

4. The pulmonic valve must be open

14 / 19

14. Which blood cells are involved in protecting the body from pathogens and foreign cells?

1. Erythrocytes

2. Leucocytes

3. Platelets

4. Haemoglobin

B: Leucocytes (white blood cells) include NK (natural killer), T and B lymphocytes and macrophages and microphages.

15 / 19

15. What is the first process that occurs after a blood vessel is damaged?

1. Coagulation

2. Platelet plug formation

3. Vasoconstriction

4. Haemolysis

C: Almost immediately (within 2 s) after a blood vessel is cut, the vessel walls contract in a spasm to slow the flow of blood (vessel diameter decreases).

16 / 19

16. Changes in cardiac structure associated with aging would include all of the following except?

1. Elongation of the aorta

2. Endocardial fibrosis

3. Increased sensitivity to baroreceptors

4. The increased size of the left atrium

17 / 19

17. The pacemaker for the entire myocardium is the___

1. Atrioventricular junction

2. Bundle of His

3. Purkinje fibers

4. Sinoatrial node

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18. In the haemostasis process, what forms as a result of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways?

1. Fibrin

2. Thrombin

3. A platelet plug

4. Prothrombinase

D: The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways form “prothrombinase” (also called prothrombin activator) from factor X.

19 / 19

19. An example of a beta-blocker that is administered to decrease automaticity is___

1. Cardizem

2. Cordarone

3. Lopressor

4. Rythmol

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