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March 22, 2025

Maternal physiology

Midwifery Quizzes

Test your knowledge with this Maternal Physiology Quiz! 🤰🩺 Explore key concepts about pregnancy-related physiological changes, maternal health, and fetal development. Ideal for medical students, nurses, and healthcare professionals. Take the quiz now and assess your expertise!

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1 votes, 5 avg

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Maternal physiology

Maternal physiology

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1. Which of the following are true regarding infused angiotensin II and its vascular effects during pregnancy?

1. Hypertensive patients become and then remain refractory.

2. The vascular response is believed to be progesterone related.

3. Normotensive nulliparas near term are responsive to the effects of angiotensin II.

4. Increased vessel refractoriness to angiotensin II results primarily from altered renin-angiotensin secretion.

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2. Average blood loss for a vaginal delivery is which the following?

1. 500 mL

2. 1000 mL

3. Half of that lost during cesarean delivery of twins

4. A and C

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3. Regarding Braxton Hicks contractions, which of the following is true?

1. Their intensity varies between 20 and 40 mm Hg.

2. They occur early in pregnancy and may be palpated in the second trimester.

3. Late in pregnancy, these contractions become more regular and may cause discomfort.

4. B and C

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4. Regarding the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy, which of the following is true?

1. Gastric emptying time is shortened during labor.

2. Gastric emptying time is lengthened in each trimester.

3. Pyrosis is caused by reflux of acidic secretions into the lower esophagus.

4. Epulis gravidarum is a highly vascular swelling that may affect any mucosal membrane.

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5. Regarding the thyroid gland during pregnancy, which of the following is true?

1. It undergoes enlargement through hypertrophy.

2. Total T4 concentration increases during pregnancy.

3. Free T4 concentration increases its mean value by term.

4. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which mimics thyroid-stimulating hormone, has declining levels beginning at approximately 20 weeks.

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6. Regarding iodine during pregnancy, which of the following is true?

1. Maternal requirements remain the same during normal pregnancy.

2. Fetal neurodevelopment is dependent on adequate thyroid hormone exposure.

3. Iodine deficiency is the most preventable cause of fetal neurological deficiency.

4. In women with low or marginal intake, deficiency may manifest as decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.

7 / 17

7. As illustrated by this graphic, which of the following occurs during pregnancy?

1. The hematocrit increases.

2. Total blood volume increases 40% by term.

3. Red cell volume does not increase until 20 weeks.

4. The hematocrit increases due to an increased red cell volume relative to plasma volume.

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8. Uterine blood flow near term most closely approximates which of the following?

1. 150 mL/min

2. 350 mL/min

3. 550 mL/min

4. 850 mL/min

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9. Regarding aldosterone during pregnancy, which of the following is true?

1. It is the principal mineralocorticoid.

2. Secretion is decreased by sodium restriction.

3. Increased aldosterone levels protect against the antinatriuretic effect of progesterone and atrial natriuretic peptide.

4. A and B

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10. Concerning acid-base equilibrium during pregnancy, which of the following statement is true?

1. Plasma bicarbonate concentration decreases from 26 to approximately 22 mmol/L.

2. The maternal oxygen-disassociation curve is shifted to the right.

3. Physiological dyspnea results from slightly decreased tidal volume that lowers CO2 levels.

4. Estrogen acts centrally, where it lowers the threshold and increases the sensitivity of the chemoreflex response to CO2.

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11. The total increase in protein during pregnancy approximates which of following?

1. 500 g

2. 1000 g

3. 500 g for contractile protein in the uterus

4. B and C

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12. Regarding the coagulation system in pregnancy, which of the following statements is true?

1. Mean platelet count is 250,000/µL.

2. Fibrinolytic activity is usually reduced.

3. Fibrinogen levels are increased to a median of 250 mg/dL.

4. Decrease in platelet concentration are solely due to hemodilution.

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13. Regarding the central nervous system during pregnancy, which of the following is true?

1. Memory decline is typically limited to the third trimester.

2. Pregnancy significantly alters cerebrovascular autoregulation.

3. Attention and memory are typically decreased in women receiving magnesium sulfate

4. Mean blood flow in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) increases in the third trimester.

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14. During pregnancy, the venous pressure does which of the following?

1. Decreases when the woman is lying in the lateral position

2. Declines from 24 mm Hg to 8 mm Hg at term in the lower extremities

3. Is responsible for dependent edema in the lower extremities

4. A and C

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15. This graphic suggests which of the following?

1. Serum iron is decreased in the first trimester.

2. Serum ferritin is increased in the second trimester.

3. Serum ferritin is increased by the end of pregnancy.

4. Serum transferrin is increased by the end of pregnancy.

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16. Regarding the pituitary gland during pregnancy, which of the following is true?

1. Growth of microadenomas is likely.

2. Serum prolactin levels remain unchanged throughout pregnancy.

3. It enlarges due to estrogen-stimulated hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the lactotrophs.

4. A and C

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17. Related to calcium metabolism, which of the following occurs during pregnancy?

1. Serum magnesium levels increase.

2. Total serum calcium levels decline.

3. The fetal skeleton accrues 70 g of calcium by term.

4. Maximums of 500 mEq of sodium and 200 mEq of potassium are retained.

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