Health Assessment of Patients Quiz

B: Parafollicular (or “C”) cells of the thyroid produce calcitonin which aids in lowering of blood calcium.

C: Steroids are lipid soluble so diffuse through the plasma membrane to bind to a receptor within the cell.

D: Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce insulin. The alpha cells produce glucagon.

A: PTH increases plasma Ca2+ (calcitonin aids in lowering blood calcium).

B: The anterior pituitary produces and releases six hormones.

D: Hypothalamus secretes regulatory hormones that control endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary gland, produces ADH and oxytocin and contains “autonomic centres” that exert neural control over endocrine cells of the adrenal medullae.

D: Endocrine glands secrete “circulating” hormones, that is, they are secreted into the blood.

C: Thyroxine (or tetraiodothyronine) is converted to triiodothyronine in_x000D_target tissues.

C: PTH causes increased calcium absorption and hence increases blood calcium level.

C: As aldosterone is concerned with the absorption of sodium ions, a_x000d_“mineral”, and aldosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex; it is termed a mineralocorticoid.

A: Epinephrine is derived from the amino acid tyrosine (so tyrosine is a wrong answer).

B: The anterior pituitary produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine organs, but the anterior pituitary does not release hormones until directed by the hypothalamus.

B: Testosterone is not produced in the pituitary nor does the pituitary contain autonomic centres.

D: The pituitary gland releases peptide hormones which are soluble in blood. The other choices refer to steroid hormones which are insoluble in blood. They require transport via plasma proteins.

C: The hypothalamus produces peptide hormones.

A: Catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline), dopamine and thyroid hormone are all derived from tyrosine.